Children in Care and Care Leavers

This topic area covers statistics and information relating to looked after children and care leavers in Hull including local strategic need and service provision. General information relating to children and young people is covered within Children and Young People, and detailed information on our Young People Health and Wellbeing Surveys is covered within Tools and Resources.

This page contains information from the Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ Fingertips. Information is taken ‘live’ from the site so uses the latest available data from Fingertips and displays it on this page. As a result, some comments on this page may relate to an earlier period of time until this page is next updated (see review dates at the end of this page).

Headlines

• As at 31 March 2022, there were a total of 886 children in care in Hull (150 children per 10,000 population). This is among the highest in England.
• As at 31 March 2021, there were 323 looked after children in Hull aged 10-15 years (175 per 10,000 population).
• As at 31 March 2019, there were 3,762 children in need (all child open cases in Children’s Social Care) having decreased by 15% from 3,231 the previous year. The rate fell from 666 to 567 per 10,000 population in the last year with the city currently ranks seventh highest (out of 153).
• As at 31 March 2021, there were 618 children with a Child Protection Plan in Hull which represents 107.3 children per 10,000 population. This represents an increase of 20% from 89.6 per 10,000 population in the previous year. The rate in 2013/14 was 44.9%. Hull currently has a rate that is fourth highest (out of 152).
• As at 31 March 2019, Hull had 192 care leavers aged 19 to 21 years.
• In Hull, one-third of looked after children have emotional wellbeing which is a cause for concern, although this is slightly lower than England.
• 87% of looked after children in Hull had their childhood vaccinations in 2022 compared to 85% for England and 91% for the Yorkshire and the Humber region. There was a sharp decrease during the pandemic, however levels appear to have returned to normal.
• For children leaving school, the average attainment 8 score of all children in Hull was 46.9 but this was only 23.0 for children in care, although a similar large gap was observed for England, and the score for children in care was only marginally lower than England at 23.0 for 2021.

The Population Affected – Why Is It Important?

When a child or young person is cared for by the local authority this is called being looked after. Children and young people can be looked after for long or short periods of time. A child can become looked after for lots of reasons, but the main reasons are:

• if a child breaks the law, the court can decide that they should be looked after.
• if a child has been harmed and needs to be protected, a court can make an order that they should be looked after. This is called a care order.
• a parent can ask the local authority to look after their child, usually for a short time, if they are having family problems, are unwell or need a break.
• out of area looked after children placed in Hull.

If a court decides that the local authority should look after a child, the local authority has responsibility for them. If a parent has asked the local authority to accommodate their child, the child’s parents are still responsible for them. The local authority always work closely with children, their parents and families to make sure that they take their views into account in any decisions that are made. There are also a number of looked after children placed in Hull from other local authorities.

The local authority draws up a care plan when a child first becomes looked after. The plan lays out what help and support the child and their family need, and how the local authority will help them to get it. They talk to the child and the other people involved in their life, such as parents, carers, teachers, health visitors and other people who know them. As things change over time, the care plan needs to be looked at regularly to make sure it’s up to date and still works, through a looked after children review.

A local authority will:

• help children and families who are having difficulties dealing with everyday family life.
• protect children who are at risk of abuse and neglect.
• look after children who, for a variety of reasons, can not live at home.
• provide advice and support through key workers to families and children experiencing difficulties.
• advise about rights and benefits.
• prepare young people in care for independent living.
• work with families in a preventative way, supporting families so that, wherever possible, children can stay in their own homes rather than go into care.
• provide respite and emergency fostering services.

Looked after children come from a range of different backgrounds and have varied experiences of care. Each child has their own different and specific set of needs. However, almost all children in care are from backgrounds of deprivation, poor parenting, abuse and neglect. These experiences can leave children with complex emotional and mental health needs, and social and behavioural difficulties which can increase their vulnerability to abuse.

Research suggests that when looked after children are compared with children who have not been in care, they tend to have poorer outcomes in a number of areas such as educational attainment and mental and physical health. However, this is not necessarily the case when they are compared with other groups of children who are likely to have had similar experiences, such as children in need. One study found that looked after children who were continuously in care in England had better educational attainment than children in need.

The Hull Picture

As at 31 March 2022, there were a total of 886 children in care in Hull (150 children per 10,000). This is the joint sixth highest rate of 148 upper tier local authorities in England after Blackpool (218), North East Lincolnshire (186), Stoke-on-Trent (175), Liverpool (172), Hartlepool (155) and Middlesbrough (the same as Hull at 150). The rate in Hull is almost twice as high as the Yorkshire and the Humber region average (81) and more than twice the England rate (70).

The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ Fingertips provides information on the numbers of children in care and looked after children aged 10-15 years. The information given is the number of children as at 31 March in the specified year given as a rate per 10,000 population.

Between 2011 and 2016, the rate of looked after children was 120 children per 10,000 children or slightly lower, but has been increasing since 2016.

The numbers of looked after children aged 10-15 years in Hull has also been increasing particularly in the last few years although decreased slightly between 2020 and 2021.

For both children in care and looked after children aged 10-15 years, the rates in Hull have been increasing at a faster rate than the slight increases in England and across the Yorkshire and Humber.

Information is available on the percentage of looked after children whose emotional wellbeing is a cause for concern. This relates to children aged 5-16 years at the date of their latest assessment who have been in care for at least 12 months on the 31 March of the year whose strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) score is 17 or more.

The percentage in Hull for 2021/22 at 34% which is lower than both England and the Yorkshire and Humber region.

There has been some year-on-year variation in the percentage of looked after children whose emotional wellbeing is a cause for concern, but the rate has been statistically similar to England and for 2018/19 was significantly lower than England.

Outcomes for young people leaving school are much poorer among looked after children with considerably lower average Attainment 8 scores. The average Attainment 8 score for all children in Hull for 2021/22 was 43.8, but only 23.0 among children in care for 2021.

Attainment 8 measures achievements of a pupil across eight qualifications including mathematics and English with the latter two subjects double-weighted. Essentially this means that the highest score a pupil can achieve is 90 as the highest score in a single qualification is 9 thus there are 72 points for 8 qualifications but a further 18 points to add for mathematics and English as they are included twice. Only qualifying subjects count so if a pupil achieves eight GCSEs but only six of them are in qualifying subjects then they will score lower as two subjects will not be scored or counted. So comparisons depend on the range of subjects taken by pupils, and some independent schools may have other qualifications which don’t count towards the Attainment 8 score.

The Attainment 8 scores have increased in the last two years both overall and for children in care, but it is difficult to ascertain the overall trend because there were no examinations in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualifications and educational attainment were determined on the basis of coursework and other factors. This means that the results in 2020 and 2021 are not comparable with earlier years.

The percentage of children in care who had been looked after for at least a year at the 31 March who had had their childhood vaccinations in the 2021 calendar year was one of the lowest in the Yorkshire and the Humber region with 87.0% of children in care having their childhood vaccinations in Hull – up from 51.0% the year before.

Between 2014 and 2018, the percentage of children in care who had had their vaccinations was similar to or higher than England, but since 2018 the percentages have decreased considerably in Hull particularly between 2020 and 2021. Examining the take up figures for Hull alone, it might be speculated that the reductions were due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, this was not the case for England or across the region were rates only fell by one or two percentages points between 2019 and 2021. That said, for Hull, the figure increased sharply in 2022, to 87.0%, a level not seen since 2017.

There are also high numbers of children in Hull on child protection plans, and are more than twice as high as England with 107 children on child protective plans in Hull per 10,000 population compared to 41 children per 10,000 population in England for 2020/21.

The number of children on child protective plans in England and across the Yorkshire and Humber has remained relatively constant at around 50 per 10,000 children for the region and just above 40 per 10,000 children for England. In contrast, the rate in Hull has increased considerably from 45 per 10,000 children in 2013/14 to 107 per 10,000 children in 2020/21.

There were 618 children aged under 18 years on child protective plans in Hull for 2020/21.

Strategic Need and Service Provision

Hull City Council’s ‘looked after children pledge’ is of significant importance in relation to this very special group of children and young people, and it confirms the commitment to them as corporate parents.

The Pledge has been developed working with children and young people in Hull who have experience of being looked after, and focuses specifically on what they need from the local authority to do to support them in reaching their full potential.

As background, in 2007 the Government released a White Paper entitled ‘Care Matters, Time for Change’. The recommendations from this White Paper were aimed at improving outcomes for looked after children and young people. One of these recommendations was that each local authority would develop a ‘Children in Care Council’ (CiCC). The main aim of the CiCC was to develop a pledge to looked after children which would be adopted by the local authority and be unique to their area. Once adopted the Pledge would provide each CiCC across the country with a benchmark from which to measure the effectiveness of the services children and young people in care receive. It was left to each local authority to determine who should facilitate, maintain and develop the Children in Care Councils. In Hull the job was given to the ‘Rights and Participation Project’, (RAPP), as they had a history of working creatively and consulting with looked after children. In 2008 RAPP invited a group of children and young people in care to come together to begin discussing the idea of a CiCC. They decided at this point to call the group ‘Young Voices in Care’ (YVIC). YVIC began the process of gathering the views of children and young people about the pledge and what should be included. Some of the group attended National Conferences which gave them an idea as to how others were progressing. By August 2011 the pledge was complete.

Hull City Council’s pledge to children and young people –

• support you in reaching your dreams.
• help you to have fun and get involved in clubs and activities so that you make new friends and develop your interests.
• provide you with a safe and comfortable home where you can feel part of a family or group.
• keep you safe from harm where you live, at school and in the city.
• support and guide you with any health or emotional needs.
• help you to get quick and useful information and appointments.
• help you to do the best you can at school and give you support with reading, writing, maths or any other subjects when you need it.
• support you in taking up education and training opportunities after you leave school.
• support you to become successful adults with a positive future.

Resources

The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ Fingertips: https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/

Rahilly T and Hendry E. Promoting the wellbeing of children in care: messages from research, 2014.

Bazalgette L, Rahilly T, and Trevelyan T. Achieving emotional wellbeing for looked after children: a whole system approach, 2015.

Luke N, et al. What works in preventing and treating poor mental health in looked after children? 2014.

Sebba J, et al. The educational progress of looked after children in England: linking care and educational data, 2015.

Updates

This page was last updated / checked on 12 May 2023.

This page is due to be updated / checked in August 2023.