Key Facts for Hull

This page gives a summary of the key facts for Hull relating to health and wellbeing of Hull’s population.

A link to the Picture of Health Intelligence Pack is also included which has been produced by the local teams at the Office for Health Improvement & Disparities. This summarises the health situation very well, but there is additional sections below this which includes information on Hull’s population and demographics, as well as other factors which influence health and wellbeing such as lifestyle and behavioural factors, and wider determinants of health such as deprivation and poverty, housing, the environment, crime, education and employment.

More detail on these and other individual topic areas can be found throughout our JSNA website (see Where Do I Find The Information I Want? for a list of topic areas).

This page contains information from the Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ Fingertips. Information is taken ‘live’ from the site so uses the latest available data from Fingertips and displays it on this page. As a result, some comments on this page may relate to an earlier period of time until this page is next updated (see review dates at the end of this page).

Headlines

• Hull is the fourth most deprived local authority in England.
• Hull’s resident population is estimated to be 271,942 from the Office for National Statistics population estimates for mid-year 2023. Hull’s population is relatively young compared to the England average.
• In January 2024, there were 314,119 patients are registered with Hull GPs (with a sizeable number – around 8.0% registered patients – living in East Riding of Yorkshire).
• People in Hull are dying earlier than they should and there are wide inequalities / differences in life expectancy both between Hull and England, and within Hull.
• From the A Matter of Life and Death report, “Social and economic conditions such as poverty, poor-quality housing, low-paid or unstable jobs all impact people’s physical and mental health. These ‘wider determinants of health’ are harming health and cutting lives short.”

Picture of Health

The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ North East and Yorkshire Local Knowledge and Information team have produced a Picture of Health intelligence pack which summaries the health and wellbeing of residents of each of the local authorities across the North East and Yorkshire. The link is as follows, but they have given us permission to display their dashboard on our JSNA website.

Picture of Health Intelligence Pack

You will need to select “Yorkshire and the Humber” from the second drop down box and then “Kingston upon Hull” from the third drop down box.

The first drop down box allows you to change from local authorities to Integrated Care Systems. You will need to select “Humber and North Yorkshire” from the second drop down box and then “Kingston upon Hull” from the third drop down box. The geographical boundaries are the same for the local authority and sub-ICB for Hull so the information should be the same, but the boundaries are not the same for all geographical areas in the region.

Deprivation and Poverty

As with most cities, there are high levels of deprivation in certain areas within the city. Most other cities include some of the ‘leafy suburbs’ within their boundary, but this is less of the case with Hull’s tight geographical boundaries. This means that Hull is among the most deprived places in England.

Based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019, Hull is the fourth most deprived local authority in England (out of 317). Half of Hull’s 166 geographical areas on which the IMD is based, are in the most deprived fifth nationally.

There are also large variations in deprivation scores across Hull’s 21 ward.

Not surprisingly, the majority of the individual seven components of the Index of Multiple Deprivation score are also high in Hull (income, employment, health and disability, education, skills and training, barriers to housing and services, living environment, and crime) with the exception of barriers to housing and services which are generally lower in a city as services are more concentrated and closer to people’s homes. The supplementary indices of Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index are also high which measure the percentage of people with income deprivation.

Fuel poverty, children living in absolute and relatively low income households and the percentage of children eligible for free school meals in Hull are all high relative to England, and are among the highest in the region.

From Hull’s adult Health and Wellbeing Survey conducted in 2019 involving over 4,000 residents aged 16+ years, just over one-quarter of all adults would never use their savings or current account to fund a £200 household emergency or said this option was not applicable to them. This was considerably higher among people living in the most deprived areas of Hull, who were unemployed or not working due to long-term illness or disability, lone parents, and among households containing three or more children. Overall, this equates to around 54,100 adults in Hull who would never use their savings or current account to fund a £200 household emergency or said that this option was not applicable to them.

However, this survey was undertaken prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost of living crisis, and the situation with regard to household finances and financial resilience has considerably worsened in Hull since 2019.

Population and Demographics

From the Office for National Statistics mid-year population figures, it is estimated that there are 271,942 residents of Hull in 2023. This is an increase of 3,265 from the 2022 mid-year estimate and an increase of 12,848 from a decade ago (mid-year 2013 population). There was quite an even split in Hull between men (136,575) and women (135,367).

The population pyramid shows the age and gender structure of Hull’s population compared to England using the mid-year 2023 population estimates.

Between mid-year 2022 and mid-year 2023, there were 3,067 births and 2,749 deaths in Hull giving an natural increase of 318 in Hull’s population. In terms of internal migration, the Office for National Statistics estimated that there were there was an estimate inflow of 11,686 people coming into Hull over the year and an estimated 14,580 people leaving Hull in the year thus a reduction of 2,894 people overall. For international migration, there were an estimated 7,524 people coming into Hull and 1,756 people leaving Hull giving a net gain of 5,768 people due to international migration. There were a a further increase of 73 people due to special circumstances such as changes in the armed forces and/or the prison population.

Hull is 71.6 kilometres square and thus – from the mid-year 2022 population estimates – it is estimated that there are 3,756 residents per square kilometre (ranked 45th highest out of the 317 lower-tier local authorities). Population density ranges from 438 to 16,478 residents per square kilometre across England’s 317 lower-tier local authorities with England having an average of 438 residents per square kilometre.

Based on the general practice registration file for January 2024, the estimated resident population is noticeably higher than the Office for National Statistics’ estimate for Hull at 292,771 residents with 288,916 of these residents registered with general practices in Hull. A total of 317,694 people are either registered with a Hull GP as a patient or live in Hull based on the GP registration file for January 2024.

Of the 317,974 people who are either registered with a Hull GP as a patient and/or live in Hull based on the GP registration file, 288,916 (90.9%) are registered with a Hull GP and live in Hull, 25,047 (7.9%) are registered with a Hull GP but live in East Riding of Yorkshire, and 3,519 (1.1%) people live in Hull but are registered with a GP in East Riding of Yorkshire. Additionally, there are a small number of people who are either registered with a Hull GP and live further afield, or who are recorded as living in Hull but are registered with a GP further afield.

Of the 314,119 patients registered with Hull GPs, 25,047 (8.0%) live in East Riding of Yorkshire and this is an important consideration if services are provided via primary care.

Of the 292, 771 people estimated to live in Hull based on information in GP records, 288,916 (98.7%) live in Hull, 3,519 (1.2%) live in East Riding of Yorkshire and a small number live beyond East Riding of Yorkshire.

Resident	Hull GP	ERoY GP	Other GP	Totals
Resident of Hull	288,916	3,519	336	292,771
Resident of ERoY	25,047			25,047
Resident elsewhere	123			123
Unknown	33			33
Totals	314,119	3,519	336	317,974

In the 2021 Census, it was estimated that the 91.8% of Hull’s residents were white with 83.9% being white British, 0.2% white Irish, 0.2% white Gypsy or Irish Traveller and 0.1% Roma. A further 7.4% were from other white backgrounds (mainly Eastern Europeans). Overall, 1.7% of residents had two or more ethnicities (often denoted as ‘mixed or multiple ethnic groups’), 2.8% were Asian or Asian British (including 0.5% Chinese), 1.9% were black, black British, black Caribbean or black African, 0.5% were Arabs and 1.3% were from other ethnic groups.

The percentage of people from minority ethnic backgrounds in Hull differ dramatically across Hull’s wards and, has increased greatly over the last two decades. It was estimated that 97.7% of Hull residents were white and 96.4% were white British in 2001, falling to 94.1% and 89.7% respectively in 2011, and further decreasing to 91.8% and 83.9% in 2021.

The percentage of the population that is from minority ethnic backgrounds is illustrated below with the highest concentrations of people from ethnic minorities living around the city centre, to the east of the city centre and around the University.

A similar pattern occurs when examining the percentage of people who are from ethnic minorities (excluding white minorities) with highest concentrations of people living in Central and St Andrew’s & Docklands, to the east of those wards and around the University.

The percentage of children from ethnic minorities attending Hull schools has increased from 9.1% in 2010 to 21.9% in 2021. From the January 2021 school census, 78.1% of pupils were white British, 9.8% from other white backgrounds, 4.0% from mixed or multiple ethnic groups, 1.7% were Asian or Asian British, 2.0% were black, black British, black Caribbean or black African, 0.1% were Chinese, 3.0% were other ethnic groups, and 1.4% did not have their ethnicity classified. A total of 9,246 (21.9%) pupils were from ethnic minorities which was considerably lower than England (35.1%).

The household composition also varied across Hull. The most common household type for areas around the city centre were single persons aged under 66 years. Multiple family households were the most common household type around the University, and other types were more scattered throughout the city although there were high levels of families living in the north of the city in Kingswood and North Carr.

Population Projections

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) produce population projections every two years, although they have not been produced at subnational level for a number of years and the latest version is based on mid-year 2018 estimates. This is partly associated with the additional workload from the 2021 Census. Subnational population projections based on the mid-year 2022 population estimates are due be released in June 2025.

Based on mid-2018 population projections, ONS estimated that the resident population of Hull was 260,600 in 2018, and projected that this will increase very slightly to 262,100 by 2028 (an increase of 0.15%) and to 262,100 by 2043 (an increase of 0.57%). However, the mid-year 2018 population estimates were revised following the 2021 Census, and adjusted upwards for Hull. Furthermore, the population projections for 2023 based on the mid-year 2018 population projections do differ from the population estimates for Hull. It was projected that the population of Hull would be around 261,000 for the year 2023, but the population estimate for Hull for mid-year 2023 is 271,942 which is 4.2% higher than the mid-year 2018 based population projection.

Over the shorter term to 2028, ONS project a small decrease 0.15% among the 0-19 year age group, alongside decreases of 2.2% and 7.9% among those aged 20-39 years and 40-59 years respectively, and increases of 14.5% and 14.0% among those aged 60-79 years and 80+ years respectively. These mask relatively large individual changes within five year age groups such as an increases of 22.9%, 14.2%, 14.5%, 12.8%, 17.1%, 27.5% and 24.1% among those aged 15-19, 35-39, 40-44, 60-64, 65-69, 75-79 and 80-84 years respectively, and decreases of 11.0%, 12.8%, 18.3%, 11.2% and 23.8% among those aged 0-4, 5-9, 25-29, 45-49 and 50-54 years respectively.

Over the longer term to 2043, ONS project decreases of 3.9%, 0.4% and 7.6% among those aged 0-19, 20-39 and 40-59 years respectively, and increases of 8.1% and 54.0% among those aged 60-79 and 80+ years respectively.

Among those aged 65+ years, it is projected that Hull’s population will increase by 14.9% by 2028 (from 38,900 in 2018 to 44,700 in 2028) and by 24.9% by 2043 (to 48,600). Among those aged 85+ years, it is projected that the population will increase by 2.2% from 4,600 in 2018 to 4,700 in 2028, but by 52% to 7,000 in 2043.

Life Expectancy

Life expectancy at birth does not give the expected duration of life for a newborn; it gives a measure of expected life expectancy if the current age-specific mortality rates applied throughout an entire lifetime, but of course, these are subject to changes over time. As it is based on current mortality rates, it is a good measure of the current health status of a population.

Life expectancy at birth is lower in Hull compared to England, and the lowest in the region for 2021-23. Life expectancy at birth is 3.8 years lower for men and 2.9 years lower for women in Hull compared to England for 2021-23.

Among men, whilst life expectancy increased in Hull between 2001-03 and 2010-12, increases stalled subsequently and even decreased slightly until 2017-19. In contrast, male life expectancy increases between 2001-03 and 2017-19 across England and the region. The sharp decrease in life expectancy between 2017-19 and 2020-22 is mainly attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic further information on the number of COVID-19 deaths can be found within Causes of Death in Hull under Population). The largest number of deaths where COVID-19 was the underlying cause of the death were registered between April and June 2020 and between November 2020 and February 2021 (further information is given within Coronavirus (COVID-19) within Health Factors under Adults).

Male life expectancy in Hull in the last year between 2020-22 and 2021-23 by 0.3 years. The high mortality rate from the year 2020 is no longer included in the latest period 2021-23, and it is anticipated that life expectancy will increase further for 2022-24 when the year 2021 is no longer included within that three-year period. Life expectancy at birth among Hull men in 2021-23 is the similar to what it was in 2008-10.

The inequalities gap between Hull and England has increased over time.

Life expectancy at birth among Hull women show a reasonably similar pattern compared to men although the increase overall were smaller, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was smaller. Life expectancy at birth among Hull women in 2021-23 is the same as it was in 2009-11.

The inequalities gap between Hull and England has also increased over time for women.

Locally calculated life expectancy estimates varied dramatically across Hull’s 21 electoral wards and by local deprivation fifth with more detailed information provided within Life Expectancy and Healthy Life Expectancy under Population.

Healthy life expectancy is a measure of the average number of years a person would expect to live in good health based on contemporary mortality rates and prevalence of self-reported good health. Healthy life expectancy is lower in Hull compared to England, and furthermore, when comparing life expectancy and healthy life expectancy, people in Hull live a shorter time in good health.

For 2021-23, male healthy life expectancy is 54.3 years and life expectancy at birth is 75.3 years, so it is estimated that men in Hull spend 21.0 years of their life not in ‘good’ health which represents 27.9% of their lives (17.6 years for England representing 22.2%). For women, healthy life expectancy was 54.6 years and life expectancy at birth was 80.2 years, so it is estimated that women in Hull spend 25.6 years of their life not in ‘good’ health representing 31.9% of their lives (21.2 years for England representing 25.5%).

Healthy life expectancy at birth for men and women remained reasonably static between 2011-13 and 2017-19 with decreases between 2017-19 and 2020-22 associated with the pandemic. There has been an increase in the last year between 2020-22 and 2021-23, but the latest healthy life expectancy estimates for Hull men and women are the second lowest they have been since 2011-13.

Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy at age 65 years is also low in Hull compared to England and other local authorities across the region. Men and women in Hull aged 65 years are anticipated to have a shorter life expectancy and to spend more of it not in good health.

The trends over time in life expectancy at age 65 years for men and women are given within Life Expectancy and Healthy Life Expectancy under Population.

The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ Segment Tool examines the gap in life expectancy between England and each local authority and between the most and least deprived fifths of areas within each local authority in relation to the causes of death which have the greatest excess of deaths and thus causes which contribute to the most years towards this gap.

The Office for National Statistics ‘back-date’ their pre-Census estimates of the resident population once more accurate Census data becomes available. They have published their revised estimates for each local authority and for lower geographies, but have not yet updated the segment tool. There is a difference in the population estimates for Hull in the original estimates produced for 2020 and the revised back-dated estimates subsequently produced for 2020, so it is likely that the figures in the Segment Tool for Hull based on local deprivation fifths will change slightly.

The gap in life expectancy between Hull and England for 2020-21 was 4.4 years for men (life expectancy 74.3 years in Hull compared to 78.7 years in England) and 3.3 years for women (life expectancy 79.4 years in Hull compared to 82.7 years in England).

Circulatory disease and cancer were the causes of death which had the highest excess deaths in Hull contributing to the gap in life expectancy between Hull and England for 2020-21. If the age-specific mortality rates from circulatory disease were the same in Hull as they were for England, then life expectancy would be 1.10 years higher for men and 0.66 years higher for women in Hull, and if age-specific mortality rates for cancer in Hull were the same as for England, then life expectancy in Hull would increase by 0.87 years for men and 0.90 years for women.

Of the total gap in life expectancy between Hull and England for men, circulatory disease accounts for one-quarter of the gap (25%), cancer (20%), external causes (19%), COVID-19 (12%), respiratory disease (10%), other causes (6%), digestive diseases (5%), and mental and behavioural disorders (4%). Among women, cancer accounted for 28% of the overall gap, circulatory disease (20%), respiratory disease (15%), COVID-19 (11%), digestive disease (8%), other causes (8%), mental and behavioural disorders (6%), external causes (5%) and deaths under 28 days (1%).

In Hull for 2020-21, The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ Segment Tool estimate that life expectancy at birth is 69.9 years for men living in the most deprived fifth of areas of Hull compared to 79.1 years for men living in the least deprived fifth of areas of Hull giving a gap of 9.2 years. For women, their life expectancy at birth estimates are 76.1 and 83.6 years for the most and least deprived fifth of areas respectively giving a gap of 7.4 years.

Among men, circulatory disease contributes 2.42 years to this life expectancy gap, external causes 2.12 years and cancer 1.51 years. Among women, the causes with the greatest excess deaths contributing to the local life expectancy gap are for cancer (1.56 years), circulatory disease (1.41 years) and respiratory disease (1.20 years). In total among men, circulatory disease contributes 26% to this total gap in life expectancy within Hull, 23% for external causes, 16% for cancer, 11% for respiratory disease, 9% for COVID-19, 6% for other causes, 5% for mental and behavioural disorders, and 4% for digestive diseases. For women, the percentages are 21% for cancer, 19% for circulatory disease, 16% for respiratory disease, 11% for mental and behavioural disorders, 10% for external causes, 9% for other causes, 8% for COVID-19, 5% for digestive diseases, and 1% for deaths under 28 days.

Wider Determinants of Health

High levels of deprivation in Hull result in detrimental levels for a number of wider determinants of health, particularly for under 18 conceptions and the number of looked after children.

The percentage of school children who have special educational needs (either have an Education, Health and Care (EHC) Plan or require Special Education Needs Support), the rate of first time entrants into the youth justice system, and the percentage of 16-17 year olds who are not in education, employment or training (out of those whose activity is known) are all higher in Hull compared to England, and the percentage of children who achieve a good level of development at the end of reception year is lower.

The under 18 conception rate is given as the number of conceptions among under 18s per 1,000 female population aged 15-17 years, and whilst the rate has significantly decreased in Hull over the last decade or so, the rate is still more than twice as high as England and statistically significantly higher than England. Children in care is given as the number of children looked after as at 31 March at the end of the financial year per 10,000 population aged under 18 years, and the rate in Hull is among the highest in the England, and almost double the rate of England.

The percentage of the working-age people in employment and median weekly gross earnings (“weekly average earnings”) are lower in Hull compared to England, and the rates of economic inactivity and crime rates are higher. Statutory homeless rates in Hull are double that of England, although it is likely that people in Hull are more likely to seek help for homelessness whereas people in more affluent area may have the resources to deal with the risk of homelessness themselves. The affordability of home ownership is better in Hull, but given the increased deprivation in Hull and the cost of living crisis, home ownership is currently out of the question for many people in Hull. With the increasing cost of renting and the increasing lack of availability of social housing in Hull, there is currently a housing crisis in Hull.

The percentage of people in employment, who are unemployed and who are economically inactive are all expressed as percentages of the working-age population. The weekly average earnings is the median weekly earnings before tax, National Insurance or other deductions (not the arithmetic mean or average as stated in the description). The number of households owed a prevention or relief duty under the Homelessness Reduction Act, during the financial year. Prevention duties include any activities aimed at preventing a household threatened with homelessness within 56 days from becoming homeless. Relief duties are owed to households that are already homeless and require help to secure settled accommodation. The figures all relate to the crude rate per 1,000 estimated households. The number of first time offenders is given as a rate per 100,000 population, and the number of domestic abuse related incidents and crimes, and violent crimes are both given as a rate per 1,000 population. For domestic abuse-related incidents and crimes, the same rate is given for domestic abuse throughout the Humberside Police Force Area, and it is likely the rate in Hull is higher than rates throughout most of the other areas within the Humberside Police Force Area.

From the Annual Population Survey 2023, the educational attainment was lower among Hull residents compared to the region and Great Britain although similar percentages had no qualifications (6.0% for Hull versus 6.5% for Great Britain). Around one-third (33.0%) had National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) 4 or above (degree, full technical certificates and Higher National Certificates) compared to 41.2% across the region and 47.3% for Great Britain.

From the 2021 Census, the percentage of residents aged 16+ years who had no qualifications was much higher at 25.3% although this did include all individuals aged 16+ years so would have included people who were retired and above the working age. However, this percentage varied considerably across Hull’s wards with people living in Central (33.3%), Orchard Park (32.7%), Marfleet (32.5%), St Andrew’s & Docklands (30.7%) and Longhill & Bilton Grange (30.2%) the most likely to have no qualifications with this being the case for more than three out of every ten residents.

From the 2021 Census, 3,625 (3.1%) of households in Hull needed one more bedroom based on the relationship, age and gender of the occupants, and 521 (0.5%) required two or more bedrooms. However, this varied across Hull’s wards with households in Orchard Park (6.5%), Central (5.8%) and St Andrew’s & Docklands (5.7%) much more likely to be overcrowded in relation to the number of bedrooms required.

General Physical Health

Health tends to be poorer and tends to occur at an earlier age in Hull compared to most other places in England due to the high levels of deprivation and poverty in Hull as well as the higher levels of poor housing, lower educational attainment, higher unemployment and poorer quality employment, crime, domestic abuse and other detrimental factors in relation to the wider determinants of health. People in Hull have a higher prevalence of lifestyle and behavioural risk factors such as smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, alcohol and drug use, and obesity which all further impact on health. These factors impact on both physical health and emotional wellbeing.

In Hull’s Heath and Wellbeing Survey 2019, 8.4% reported their health as ‘excellent’, 27.3% as ‘very good’, 34.0% as ‘good’, 20.6% as ‘fair’ and 9.6% as ‘poor’. Unsurprisingly, there was a strong association with poor health and older age and higher levels of deprivation.

Three in ten also reported a long-term illness or disability that limited their daily activities.

Emotional Wellbeing

In general, levels of wellbeing are lower in Hull compared to England with a higher percentage of residents reporting low levels of wellbeing and/or high levels of anxiety. This is particularly the case for happiness and anxiety, although the difference in the percentage is only statistically significantly higher in Hull compared to England for anxiety for 2022/23.

People were asked, overall, how satisfied they were with their life nowadays, to what extent they felt the things they do in their life are worthwhile, how happy they felt yesterday and how anxious they felt yesterday. They were asked to rate their emotional wellbeing on a scale of 0 to 10 with 0 equating to not at all satisfied / worthwhile / happy / anxious and 10 equating to completely satisfied / worthwhile / happy / anxious. People who scored 0-4 were deemed to have poor satisfaction, feelings of being worthwhile and happiness, and people who scored 6-10 were deemed to have high levels of anxiety.

The percentages with low levels of satisfaction with life, feeling life was worthwhile, and happiness are higher in Hull compared to England. However, the percentages from Hull’s adult Health and Wellbeing Survey 2019 were substantially higher than those estimated nationally for Hull at 14%, 12%, 16% and 31% respectively. The local survey includes many more Hull people than the national survey and due to its methodology is likely to be more representative of Hull’s population. The local survey also found these levels were substantially worse among people living in the most deprived areas and were very high among people who were not working due to long-term illness or disability where around half had low levels low levels of satisfaction with life, feeling life was worthwhile, and happiness.

Relatively high percentages had a high level of anxiety, but it was higher among women, young people, people living in the most deprived area, students, people who were unemployed or not working due to long-term illness or disability, and lone parents.

Young people, people living in the most deprived areas of Hull, students, people who were not working due to unemployment or long-term illness or disability, and lone parents had the highest levels of feeling lonely or isolated from others all or most of the time.

Lifestyle and Behavioural Factors

The prevalence of lifestyle and behavioural risk factors for poor health are higher in Hull as illustrated from The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ Fingertips (from different national surveys), although again there were some differences between the national data for Hull and findings from Hull’s adult Health and Wellbeing Survey 2019 with a tendency for a higher prevalence of lifestyle and behavioural risk factors in the local survey compared to national estimates. In some cases, there was a large difference between the national data for Hull and the findings from the local survey and this was the case for physical activity in particular.

There are no prevalence estimates for alcohol consumption on Fingertips, but there are modelled estimates of the number of alcohol-related admissions to hospital which give an indication of prevalence and service need.

Each hospital admission has a primary diagnosis code relating to the main cause for the admission and reason why the person has been admitted. Most admissions will also have one or more secondary diagnosis codes which can give additional information relating to the primary diagnosis (in some cases information relating to an external factor) or can give additional medical conditions that needs to be considered in relation to the person’s care within hospital (see International Coding of Diseases for more information). Each diagnosis code for a hospital admission has been assigned an ‘alcohol attributable fraction‘ (AAF) for each gender and age group based on extensive research. Conditions that are wholly attributable to alcohol such as alcohol poisoning or alcoholic liver disease are given a value of 1 whereas other conditions such as those related to external causes such as car accidents might have a value of 0.2 (denoting that 20% of the admissions are alcohol-related) and other conditions will have an AAF of zero as there is no evidence that the condition is related to alcohol. The rate of alcohol-related admissions using the ‘narrow’ definition includes all AAFs for primary diagnoses and all secondary diagnoses that are related to external causes (such as car accidents, falls, suicides, etc), and the number is given as the total admissions (sum over the AAFs) per 100,000 population.

The number of alcohol-related hospital episodes are considerably higher in Hull than England.

The estimated prevalence of people who use opiate and/or crack cocaine are also calculated in a different way. The estimated prevalence uses a capture-recapture method to estimate the number of people who used opiate and/or crack cocaine. The capture-recapture method is often used to estimate the population size of an animal species with animals trapped, marked in a harmless way and released, and then new traps are set a few days later, and the number of marked and unmarked animals caught being recorded. The population size is then estimated to be the number in the first sample multiplied by the number in the second sample divided by the number in the second sample previously marked. In the case of opiate and/or crack use, the number of people who use opiate and/or crack cocaine were identified from drug treatment, probation, police and prison data was used, and then the overlap between the data sources was used together with modelling techniques to examine this overlap and to produce prevalence estimates for those aged 15-64 years based on this capture-recapture methodology, although the data is relatively old with the modelling undertaken for 2016/17. New estimates published in 2023 relating to the period 2019/20 are available from the National Drug Treatment Management System and give an estimate of 3,800 users of opiates and/or crack cocaine for Hull which gives a rate of 22.2 users per 1,000 population compared to 11.3 users per 1,000 population for the Yorkshire and Humber region.

From Hull’s Health and Wellbeing Survey 2019 conducted among those aged 16+ years:

• 25% smoked (including 4.5% who smoked 20+ cigarettes per day) and 29% were former smokers;
• 13% used e-cigarettes;
• 21% stated they ate 5-A-DAY portions of fruit and vegetables daily, but 7% usually ate no portions of fruit and vegetables;
• 27% stated they did not have a healthy diet (and a further 10% did not know what a healthy diet was or if they if they had a healthy diet);
• 41% of adults were physically active undertaking 150+ minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity per week and 44% were inactive undertaking fewer than 30 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity per week;
• 70% were overweight including 31% who were obese;
• 22% never drank alcohol, but 30% displayed harmful alcohol drinking behaviours (exceeding 14 units the previous week, usually binge drink weekly and/or a Fast Alcohol Screening Test of three or more);
• 8.3% stated they had used drugs other than those required for medical reasons in the last year, including 3.7% who stated they used them everyday or weekly; and
• 4% had lied to people important to them about their gambling and/or felt the need to bet more and more money in the last year.

There were substantial differences by gender, age, deprivation, employment status and household composition with the highest percentages with lifestyle and behavioural risk factors for poor health generally found among young people, people living in the most deprived areas, people who were unemployed or not working due to long-term illness or disability, and lone parents. Further information on each lifestyle and behavioural risk factor can be found in Lifestyle Factors within Adults, and further information is also available in the full survey report available in Local Surveys Involving Adults under Tools and Resources.

Prevalence of Medical Conditions and Diseases

A number of specific diseases and medical conditions are measured within the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) within primary care. These disease registers can be used to measure diagnosed prevalence at a practice level as well as at sub Integrated Care Board level.

As mentioned above, the number of people living in Hull based on GP registration information is higher than the estimated resident population from the Office for National Statistics, and a sizeable proportion of patients registered with Hull GPs live in East Riding of Yorkshire (over 8%). Thus the QOF data comprises around 92% of Hull residents and around 8% of East Riding of Yorkshire residents.

Fingertips presents the percentage of patients on these disease registers at sub ICB level. With higher levels of deprivation, one might expect that the prevalence of some conditions to be higher in Hull. However, this is not necessarily the case. There are many factors that can influence the prevalence in Hull such as the lower age structure of Hull’s population, lower numbers of people from minority ethnic backgrounds, higher mortality rates and slightly lower life expectancy, and the rate of diagnosis. It is possible that there are more people living in Hull who have a specific disease or medical condition but it is not diagnosed, and therefore they are not included on their GP disease registers. There tends to be higher rates of undiagnosed disease among areas with higher deprivation levels.

A local analysis of the information has been undertaken for Hull for 2023/24 and is presented in the following file. Further details can be found on Local Analysis of Quality and Outcomes Framework Data under Tools and Resources.

The sub Integrated Care Board areas which include Hull are within the Humber and North Yorkshire Integrated Care Board. In Fingertips, the sub-ICB area referenced by 03F relates to Hull (see Integrated Care Board for the codes relating to the other local sub-ICB areas).

For 2023/24, the diagnosed prevalence of coronary heart disease, hypertension (high blood pressure) and peripheral arterial disease are higher or comparable for patients registered with Hull GPs compared to England, but the prevalence of stroke and transient ischaemic attack, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation are all lower.

The prevalence of epilepsy and diabetes are both higher in Hull (03F) than England, but the prevalence of chronic kidney disease is lower.

The diagnosed prevalence of asthma is marginally lower among Hull (03F) patients compared to England, but the diagnosed prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is considerably higher in Hull compared to England.

The diagnosed incidence of depression, and the prevalence of severe mental health illness and dementia are marginally lower in in Hull (03F) compared to England, and the prevalence of learning disabilities is marginally higher in Hull compared to England.

The prevalence of diagnosed osteoporosis is considerably lower in Hull than England being half the levels of England, but the prevalence of diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis is the same as England.

Impact of Physical and Mental Health Conditions on Quality of Life

Whilst severe mental health can shorten life dramatically (see Mental Ill Health under Vulnerable Groups), many mental health conditions and other medical conditions that are non-fatal can have a significant impact on daily life and quality of life.

Years of life lost can be calculated for specific diseases and medical conditions that cause death, and healthy life expectancy gives a measure of the life expectancy in ‘good’ health. However, in order to provide estimates of disability-adjusted or quality-adjusted life years or life expectancy or years of healthy life lost due to a disability, it is necessary to have some measure of quality of life and the impact of various fatal and non-fatal conditions have on quality of life. The World Health Organisation have produced estimates for different fatal and non-fatal conditions, and within the Global Burden of Disease tool, the years of healthy life lost due to a disability (YLD) and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are calculated for different diseases and medical conditions. Both present the information as the percentage for a specific disease or medical condition out of the total YLD or total DALY. Data is modelled for Hull for males and females separately as well as for persons, and for five age groups (<5, 5-14, 15-49, 50-69 and 70+ years) as well as for all ages. As well as YLDs and DALYs, the tools also gives information the same information for deaths.

The Global Burden of Disease tool can be accessed as follows:

Global Burden of Disease

The years of healthy life lost to disability (YLDs) as a percentage of the total year of healthy life lost of disability are given below for the conditions and diseases where the percentage is 5% or greater. Additional disease groupings have been made so that the numbers will sum to more than 100% despite not including all conditions considered. For instance, for children under 5 years, the percentage is given for communicable disease, maternal factors, neonatal conditions and nutritional diseases combined, and dietary iron deficiency appears to be a subset of nutritional deficiencies.

The list of medical conditions and diseases are given for each age group separately, and ranked by the percentage for males and females combined.

Skin conditions, respiratory conditions, birth defects, dietary iron deficiencies among females, mental disorders and prematurity are the conditions that account for the highest percentages of healthy life lost among children under five years in Hull.

Condition	Males <5 (% YLD)	Females <5 (% YLD)	Persons <5 (% YLD)
Non-communicable diseases	73	63	67
Communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases	23	35	30
Skin and subcutaneous diseases	24	25	24
Dermatitis	16	17	17
Atopic dermatitis	16	17	16
Other non-communicable diseases	14	13	13
Chronic respiratory diseases	14	10	12
Asthma	14	10	12
Congenital birth defects	12	10	11
Respiratory infections and tuberculosis	10	9	10
Neonatal disorders	9	8	9
Maternal and neonatal disorders	9	8	9
Mental disorders	12	5	9
Nutritional deficiencies	1	13	7
Dietary iron deficiency	1	13	7
Autism spectrum disorders	10	3	7
Upper respiratory infections	7	6	7
Neonatal preterm birth	5	5	5

Mental disorders, skin conditions, respiratory conditions, headaches and migraines account for the highest percentages of healthy life lost among children aged 5-14 years in Hull.

Condition	Males 5-14 (% YLD)	Females 5-14 (% YLD)	Persons 5-14 (% YLD)
Non-communicable diseases	85	85	85
Mental disorders	33	31	32
Skin and subcutaneous diseases	15	16	16
Anxiety disorders	11	15	13
Chronic respiratory diseases	12	10	11
Asthma	12	10	11
Communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases	11	11	11
Neurological disorders	9	11	10
Dermatitis	7	8	8
Conduct disorder	10	5	7
Atopic dermatitis	7	8	7
Headache disorders	5	8	7
Musculoskeletal disorders	5	7	6
Migraine	5	7	6
Other non-communicable diseases	5	7	6
Depressive disorders	5	6	5
Major depressive disorders	4	6	5
Autism spectrum disorders	5	2	3

Mental disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, substance use disorders, neurological disorders, headaches and migraines, gynaecological diseases (for females) and injuries account for the highest percentages of healthy life lost among young adults and adults aged 15-49 years in Hull.

Condition	Males 15-49 (% YLD)	Females 15-49 (% YLD)	Persons 15-49 (% YLD)
Non-communicable diseases	89	92	90
Mental disorders	26	25	25
Musculoskeletal disorders	17	17	17
Depressive disorders	11	11	11
Substance use disorders	16	5	10
Neurological disorders	8	11	10
Major depressive disorders	9	10	10
Low back pain	9	9	9
Other non-communicable diseases	3	14	9
Headache disorders	6	10	8
Migraine	6	9	7
Anxiety disorders	6	7	6
Gynaecological disorders	0	10	6
Drug use disorders	8	4	6
Injuries	7	4	5
Chronic respiratory diseases	4	6	5
Asthma	4	5	5
Unintentional injuries	6	3	5
Alcohol use disorders	8	2	4
Opioid use disorders	5	3	4
Other gynaecological diseases	0	6	3

Musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders, diabetes and kidney disease, injuries, sense organ diseases, neurological disorders, osteoarthritis and headaches account for the highest percentages of healthy life lost among adults aged 50-69 years in Hull.

Condition	Males 50-69 (% YLD)	Females 50-69 (% YLD)	Persons 50-69 (% YLD)
Non-communicable diseases	89	91	90
Musculoskeletal disorders	24	29	27
Mental disorders	15	15	15
Low back pain	11	13	12
Diabetes and kidney diseases	10	7	8
Injuries	9	7	8
Other non-communicable diseases	5	9	8
Diabetes mellitus	9	6	7
Sense organ diseases	8	6	7
Diabetes mellitus type 2	8	5	7
Depressive disorders	6	7	7
Unintentional injuries	7	6	7
Neurological disorders	5	7	6
Major depressive disorders	5	6	6
Osteoarthritis	5	6	5
Headache disorders	3	5	4
Age-related and other hearing loss	5	3	4

Musculoskeletal disorders, sense organ diseases, neurological disorders, injuries, diabetes and kidney disease, injuries, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, chronic respiratory disease and neoplasms account for the highest percentages of healthy life lost among adults aged 70+ years in Hull.

Condition	Males 70+ (% YLD)	Females 70+ (% YLD)	Persons 70+ (% YLD)
Non-communicable diseases	91	88	89
Musculoskeletal disorders	18	22	21
Sense organ diseases	13	13	13
Low back pain	8	11	10
Neurological disorders	8	11	9
Injuries	8	10	9
Diabetes and kidney diseases	11	8	9
Age-related and other hearing loss	10	8	9
Unintentional injuries	7	10	9
Cardiovascular diseases	9	7	8
Mental disorders	7	8	8
Falls	5	8	7
Other non-communicable diseases	6	7	7
Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias	5	7	6
Diabetes mellitus	8	5	6
Diabetes mellitus type 2	7	5	6
Chronic respiratory diseases	6	5	6
Osteoarthritis	5	6	6
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	5	4	4
Neoplasms	5	3	4

Across all age groups, musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders, neurological disorders, injuries, diabetes and kidney disease, sense organ diseases, headache, chronic respiratory diseases, substance use disorders and gynaecological diseases (for females) account for the highest percentages of healthy life lost among adults aged 50-69 years in Hull.

Condition	Males all ages (% YLD)	Females all ages (% YLD)	Persons all ages (% YLD)
Non-communicable diseases	89	90	90
Musculoskeletal disorders	18	21	20
Mental disorders	19	19	19
Low back pain	9	10	10
Neurological disorders	7	10	9
Other non-communicable diseases	4	11	8
Depressive disorders	7	8	8
Injuries	8	6	7
Major depressive disorders	6	7	7
Diabetes and kidney diseases	7	5	6
Sense organ diseases	6	6	6
Unintentional injuries	7	5	6
Headache disorders	4	6	5
Chronic respiratory diseases	5	6	3
Substance use disorders	8	3	5
Anxiety disorders	4	6	5
Migraine	4	6	5
Diabetes mellitus	6	4	5
Diabetes mellitus type 2	6	4	5
Gynaecological diseases	0	6	3

Mortality

Adult mortality rates are generally presented as direct standardised mortality rates per 100,000 population (standardised to the European Standard Population). Most of these mortality rates related to premature mortality or deaths that occurred prior to the age of 75 years. All the deaths are a count of the number of deaths there were registered in the specified calendar year(s) rather than a count of the number of deaths that occurred in the specified year or period. There is a legal requirement to register a death within a few days so most death registrations will occur quickly after the death, but there will be delays (in some cases considerable delays) for deaths that require a post-mortem or deaths which require an inquest where a doctor has not seen the deceased recently or where the cause cannot be determined or is suspicious. For a particularly year or period of time, the number of deaths based on occurrence or registration may differ considerably for some causes of death such as drug-related deaths or where suicide is suspected where an inquest is required.

Trends in the Total Number of Deaths

Immediately prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, there were around 2,500 deaths registered among Hull residents each year, but this increased to a high of 2,866 deaths for 2020. Whilst this has steadily decreased to 2,651 in 2023, the number is still higher than the numbers observed in 2018 and 2019. It is likely that the numbers will increase over time due to the ageing population.

A similar pattern occurs for males and females based on year of registration as observed based on year of occurrence.

By Cause of Death

Detailed information on the percentage of deaths from different causes are compared within Causes of Death under Population. This topic page also presents information on all causes combined such as trends in the total number of deaths, the percentage of deaths by age, mortality rates by age, the total number of deaths and trends by cause of death as well as presenting overall mortality rates across Hull’s 21 electoral wards and by local deprivation fifth (based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation). Mortality rates are given within the Causes of Death page for all ages, for premature deaths (under 75 years) and for premature deaths from causes considered to be preventable.

The total number of deaths increased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic with a relatively high number of deaths from COVID-19. However, in some cases, the mortality from other medical conditions and diseases decreased during this period of time due to ‘competing causes of death’. For instance, the total number of deaths involving cancer, diabetes, obesity and dementia or Alzheimer’s disease were all higher during 2020 and 2021 compared to 2018 and 2019 with more deaths with that cause listed as a contributory or secondary cause due to some dying from COVID-19. Further information on this is also given within the Causes of Death topic page.

Information on people killed and seriously injured on the roads can be found within Accidents and Injuries Among Children and Young People under Children and Young People under Health Factors. Information on stillbirths, neonatal and infant deaths can be found within Stillbirths and Infant Mortality under Children and Young People and Pregnancy and Infants. Information on the percentage of deaths occurring at different locations can be found within Palliative Care and End of Life under Adults and Health Factors.

The more detailed information relating to specific causes of death includes trends mortality rates and can include information by sex (if information is available) and mortality rates for more specific causes of death such as lung cancer, colorectal cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (depending on the topic page). Mortality rates might also be presented for all ages and under 75s, or in relation to premature deaths (under 75s) from causes considered to be preventable (depending on the specific cause and if information is available).

This more detailed information can be found on the following topic JSNA pages:

• Cancer
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Coronavirus (COVID-19)
• Dementia
• Diabetes
• Falls and Frailty
• Infectious Diseases
• Liver Disease
• Mental Ill Health
• Respiratory Disease
• Suicide and Self-Harm
• Alcohol Consumption
• Drug Use
• Smoking and Vaping

Top Five Causes of Death

Clearly, the top five causes of death depend on which causes are combined. Many different causes can be combined such as combining coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure and other forms of cardiovascular disease into a single category of ‘all cardiovascular disease’, or combining ‘all cancers’ into a single category. For transparency here, the same causes of death have been used to classify the top causes as those used within Causes of Death under Population (excluding the ‘other cancer’ and ‘other circulatory disease’ categories).

There were 2,069 male and 1,245 female deaths registered during 2021-23 among people aged under 75 years and a further 2,172 male and 2,577 female deaths among those aged 75+ years in Hull.

Using these causes of death, the top five causes of death among males aged under 75 years are as follows (average number of deaths registered each year between 2021-23):

1. Coronary heart disease (120)
2. Lung cancer (50)
3. Drug poisoning (43)
4. COVID-19 (36)
5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (36)

The top five causes of death among males aged 75+ years are as follows (average number of deaths registered each year between 2021-23):

1. Coronary heart disease (100)
2. Dementia (60)
3. COVID-19 (53)
4. Lung cancer (47)
5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (44)

The top five causes of death among females aged under 75 years are as follows (average number of deaths registered each year between 2021-23):

1. Lung cancer (41)
2. Coronary heart disease (37)
3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (33)
4. Breast cancer (21)
5. Non-alcoholic diseases of the digestive system (21)

The top five causes of death among females aged 75+ years are as follows (average number of deaths registered each year between 2021-23):

1. Dementia (117)
2. Coronary heart disease (65)
3. Stroke (55)
4. COVID-19 (55)
5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (53)

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic for deaths registered over the three year period 2017 to 2019 (excluding ‘other cancers’), the top causes were the same albeit in a different order with stroke instead of COVID-19 as a top five cause of men (both ages) and influenza and pneumonia as a top five cause for women aged 75+ years instead of COVID-19. Further analysis of the mortality data in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic is given within Causes of Death under Population.

Comparison with England and the Region

The infant mortality rate (deaths under one year of age) and the child mortality rate in Hull are both comparable to England. The numbers are not presented for all local authorities for child mortality as the number of deaths is too small.

For deaths registered during the three year period 2021-23, the direct standardised mortality rates for all ages, premature deaths (under 75 years) and premature deaths from causes considered preventable are all considerably higher than and statistically significantly higher in Hull compared to England. Mortality rates are generally higher among men compared to women (further information available within Causes of Death under Population).

Trends Over Time

In general, the infant mortality rate in Hull has been slightly higher than England for the majority of the three-year periods in the last 20 years, although the has been no statistically significant difference between Hull and England over the entire last 20 years.

The child mortality rate has generally also not been statistically significantly different in Hull compared to England for most years although there has been considerable year-on-year variability due to the small numbers (see Small Numbers within the Glossary).

The mortality rate in Hull decreased between 2001-03 to 2010-12, but marginally increased until 2017-19 prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality rate increased more sharply in the subsequent three years, but has decreased for the latest year 2021-23.

The impact of the pandemic on the mortality rate was greater for premature deaths and for premature deaths from causes considered to be preventable (COVID-19 is considered to be a cause considered to be preventable among under 75s).

Resources

L’Hôte E, Castellina M, Volmert A, Conklin L, and O’Shea P. A Matter of Life and Death: Explaining the Wider Determinants of Health in the UK. FrameWorks, 2022. Commissioned by The Health Foundation. https://www.health.org.uk/publications/a-matter-of-life-or-death

The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ North East and Yorkshire Local Knowledge and Information teams. Picture of Health Intelligence Pack.

Official Labour Market Statistics (nomis). Annual Population Survey – Households by combined economic activity status. https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/

ONS population estimates: www.ons.gov.uk

Office for National Statistics. Census 2021. https://census.gov.uk/

NHS Digital for patients registered at each GP practice: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/patients-registered-at-a-gp-practice

ONS population projections: www.ons.gov.uk

Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ Fingertips: https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/

The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ Segment Tool. https://analytics.phe.gov.uk/apps/segment-tool/

Hull’s Adult Health and Wellbeing Survey 2019.

Global Burden of Disease, 2021. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/

Updates

This page was last updated / checked on 20 May 2025.

This page is due to be updated / checked in June 2025.